资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
浙江两会热议“职业教育”:加强制度保障 推动产教融合******
中新网杭州1月13日电(记者 胡丰盛 施紫楠)12日至16日,浙江省第十四届人民代表大会第一次会议在杭州举行,“技能人才培养”“职业技能培训”“产教融合”等成为人大代表口中的高频词。
据政府工作报告,2023年浙江将开展职业教育培训150万人次;开展职业技能培训110万人次以上,新增技能人才40万人,其中高技能人才20万人;建成零工市场200个。
如何加强技术学校人才队伍建设,让更多年轻人投身制造业、共享改革发展成果,一直是浙江省人大代表、安吉技师学院电工技师杨应政思考的问题。
“人才建设过程中出现的人才划分不明确、重引进轻培养等诸多问题,阻碍了高层次人才的建设进程。”杨应政认为,对此学校应予以重视,加强政策扶持,加大资金投入,注重人才的引进和培养。
翻看今年政府工作报告,“大力发展职业教育,扩大长学制和本科层次职业教育招生规模”让杨应政感到振奋。
杨应政接受记者采访时表示,教育部门可根据技术学校发展情况,探索出一套与学校发展目标一致的人才建设体系,包括完善人才政策体系,做到精准“引”、突出“高精尖缺”导向、聚焦人才“引育留”,精准拟定引才需求。
眼下,提高职业教育质量、适应性和吸引力,培养更多高素质技术技能人才,已成为加快建设教育强国、科技强国、人才强国的基础之一。其中,农业职业教育同样不容忽视。
培养“懂农业、有文化、技术高、会管理、善运营”的新型职业农民,是现代化农业人才建设的迫切需求,也是破解“三农”问题,提高农业农村劳动生产率、推动乡村振兴的关键举措。
浙江省人大代表、嘉善县美华水产养殖场场长杨珍直言,目前农业职业教育认同度低、生源差、“爱农”思想教育不够、人才流失严重等成为明显短板。
针对上述问题,杨珍认为,需要构建系统化的农业职业教育体系,农业职业教育与普通高等教育的融合发展势在必行。
杨珍建议,打通和拓宽各级各类技术技能人才的成长空间和发展通道,满足“三农”发展对不同层次技术技能人才的需求;从办学体制、运行机制、培养模式等方面进行全方位改革创新;健全农业职业技术教育和职业培训制度,形成多主体参与的办学体制。
“要以现代农业产业技术技能标准体系为结合点,围绕解决农业生产中的现实问题,探索‘农科教融合、育训创一体’人才培养模式,更好赋能乡村振兴。”杨珍说。
“促进高质量充分就业,完善重点群体就业创业支持政策,深化职业技能培训”“建立终身职业技能培训机制”……翻阅政府工作报告,今后五年的规划透露出浙江加强保障、促进职业教育改革的决心。
针对报告中提出的“深化区域中高职一体化人才培养改革,推动职业教育与产业深度融合”,浙江省人大代表,中核核电运行管理有限公司董事长、党委书记黄潜深有感触。
黄潜直言,目前职业教育中学校办学条件设施设备亟待改善、校企合作“作而不合”、产教融合“合而不融”、保障机制缺乏统筹与协调等问题仍比较普遍。
对此,黄潜建议,切实保障职业教育经费投入,建立相适应的财政投入制度,确保职业教育高质量可持续发展;完善产教融合校企合作制度,优化有关校企合作、产教融合的相关地方性法规,从制度层面为职业教育改革发展提供保障和支撑。
“建立健全具有地方特色职业教育标准体系,进一步健全职业教育学校、专业、课程等建设标准,完善教学、实习实训和学徒制培养等基本规范,加强质量评价和财政税收保障机制建设,推动职业教育更好服务当地经济社会发展。”黄潜说。(完)
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